Howard Gardner, an educational psychologist and professor at Harvard University, proposed that no one, but multiple types of intelligences, which are mutually independent. "People can be seen as having different skills, each equally valuable and something to contribute to society." This also means that someone may not be good in one area, but excellent in one or other, which frees us from the labels about being smart or dumb.
Howard Gardner stressed the importance of fostering in our children early to identify what those areas best performers, and helping them develop their full potential.
According to the classification of Gardner:
linguistic intelligence: refers to the ability to effectively communicate our ideas, whether written or oral.
logical-mathematical intelligence: it is the most popular because it is the most emphasis is given in schools. It refers to the ability to handle numbers, and cause and effect.
Spatial intelligence: is the ability to mentally represent three-dimensional objects and spaces and maneuver using these mental models.
body or kinetic intelligence: the ability to coordinate body movements in harmony and use it to solve problems.
Musical intelligence: is the ability to understand things in terms of rhythms and melodies, identify notes and so on.
Interpersonal intelligence: the ability to understand the feelings, motivations, attitudes and perspectives of others, and use this to work harmoniously.
intrapersonal intelligence: the ability to understand yourself and know how to use to achieve a better development in daily life.
creative individuals are characterized by unusual combinations of intelligence and personality, in this sense are essential in working circumstances and those around them.
has traditionally been seen as one identity intelligence inherent in every one of us and in different degrees. In 1983, American psychologist Howard Gardner, known for his theories about intelligence expanded the concept of intelligence to say that this is the capacity development, not just something innate to solve problems or make products that are valued in one culture (or more), so removing the label was smart only to "intellectual" and was allowing for a range of talents that had not previously been recognized.
In the early morning, to Salovey and Mayer coined the term personal intelligence of emotional intelligence (lE), which he defined as "the ability to monitor the feelings and emotions of oneself and others, to discriminate between them and use this information for the guidance of action and critical thought "(Salovey and Mayer, 1990, p. 189). The same authors
later reformulated this definition, they recognized that it was insufficient in some situations, which stressed only in the regulation of emotions, ignoring the relationship between feeling and thinking. To overcome the shortcomings encountered, proposed the following definition: "Emotional intelligence relates the ability to accurately perceive, evaluate and express emotion, also related the ability to access and / or generate feelings when they facilitate thought, also the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge and ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth "(Mayer and Salovey, 1997, p. 10).
The merit of these authors, as highlighted by Martin and Boeck (2000), is in
have identified five different partial capacities as members
elements of emotional competence:
- Recognize your own emotions, that is, to make an assessment
and name one's emotions. Only the person who knows why
feel and how you feel can manage their emotions, moderate
and sort of conscious way.
- Knowing how to manage emotions, but emotions (fear,
sadness, anger ,...) can not be disconnected or prevent, the person has
ability to drive, control and manage emotional reactions,
replacing primary congenital behavior by learned behavior
forms and social, such as flirting or
irony.
- Use the existing potential, the high Cl alone is not sufficient
for good school performance or social, are also necessary
other good qualities such as perseverance, motivation to be able to overcome the frustrations and failures, have self-confidence.
- Learn to take the place of others: emotional communication utterances do not need is a willingness to listen and understand other's thoughts and feelings.
- create social or ease of setting interpersonal relationships.
satisfactory relationship with others depends on our ability to create and cultivate relationships, to resolve personal conflicts, to capture the moods of others.
These emotional qualities, according to the authors, can be learned and developed through the effort to consciously capture the emotions and those of others.
is thought to be Goleman (1995) who first conceptualized the
emotional intelligence, which "is a meta-skill that determines the degree of skill that we can get into the domain of our other faculties" (op.cit., P. 68), considered the most important factors involved in personal adjustment, success in personal relationships and work performance. This author outlines five key factors in the development of emotional intelligence: emotional awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy and social skills. The first three dimensions are heavily dependent on one's own person, corresponding to the self: be aware of oneself, somehow able to control their own moods and motivate yourself. In contrast, the other two dimensions (empathy and social skills) refer to the relationship with other people, thus creating both social competence. Preliminary studies
on the IQ of table tennis players in China.
Name: Tao Zhixiang (China).
Chinese versions Wechster scales for the study of intelligence in adults and children have been used for the review of 95 Chinese players of different levels. The results showed that average intelligence is at the mean (average IQ of 105.85) and its coefficient is slightly greater than verbal intellectual (with 107.38 and 101.59 respectively).
Intellectual development in physical education students is higher than that of the best table tennis players of the Chinese national team, while the intellectual development of national team players senior is higher than the national youth team.
There is therefore a low negative correlation between training and IQ (= -0.22, p <0.05).
These results are quite different from the conclusions reached by other studies in this field, which shows that we still lack sufficient evidence to proving the causal relationship between athletic training and intellectual development.
Well, it seems not necessary to be very smart to be of the best players in the world, much as I am glad in a way that enhances our sport by putting the reach of the majority (at least intellectually speaking).
is clear that most important intelligence to play table tennis well is the physical or kinetic intelligence is the ability to coordinate body movements in harmony and use it to solve problems, but also influence other minds, especially the intrapersonal, we will allow us to act with poise in critical moments and inject confidence to win. A good proficiency in these two types of intelligence often manifests as a child. Intelligence in table tennis is closely linked to as the Tactical Tactical is the intelligent use of our resources to achieve victory.
way to start intelligence in the Table Tennis First and foremost is to know oneself. And what is to know oneself? Well know our strengths and our weaknesses and strengths or weaknesses in the game, so we can devise strategies to encourage those strengths and work on our weaknesses so that they are not.
What is a strength?
This may initially seem like an obvious question with a simple answer, but there are actually several different ways to define what is a strength. No one can say that the definitions below are perfect definitions, but any of them could serve as a definition.
A strong point is:
• Something that we can to earn points: You can try a technical coup, may be the short game can be a tactical combination or even an ability, or attitude.
• Something we do better than the rest of our game - such as good and fast from right or a good rest.
• Something we do better than our opponent - perhaps taking the initiative, it could be that we were quicker than our rivals to take the lead or maybe we're better in the combination of strokes.
The first two definitions are fairly traditional and well accepted by the majority, while the latter definition we get some interesting conclusions. If agree with it, it follows that their forces are not always the same, but obviously you if same, their strength may actually change depending on your opponent! Something worth thinking about and turn it on the head. Do not you think?
What can be a strength?
We must keep in mind that there may be many more strengths that can work in practice. Services, the remains, the short game, the flips, the tactics from the service, mental strength, physical work specific, footwork, reflexes, the game from off the table, reading the spin, anticipation, strength, breathing and relaxation, concentration, etc. Any of these issues, working on the proper training can become strengths in the future, that's the basic idea of \u200b\u200btraining, improving each and every one of the techniques, tactics, improve execution speed, improve our balance emotional, our predisposition to the effort and our fighting spirit,
How to identify your strengths?
Now that we have a reasonable idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is a strength in table tennis, we talk about how to determine what are really our own strengths. Some methods used to identify the strengths are listed below. Find
how shock points win. This may be true, but be careful when applying this rule - we think that our right topspin is a strength, when in fact thanks to the good remains short and the good service it has allowed us to get really right ball easy and it really is the strong point is not the right topspin but the service and the remains short. This leads to the following method. Inquire
what tactics we set the hit winners. As mentioned in the previous paragraph we look at the winning shot but how to get that winning ball, that is how we play the ball before the winner. Put another way, what I did for get that ball winner?
We have to enjoy the game working on our strengths in training. Who does not like to train what he does best? Everybody loves coaching something that you know used to gain points and also does well. But we all know players who train their strong point, with very low success rate. This is not a strong player is rather a weakness in reality.
A blow that feels safe to do so. Perhaps, but does it fit the beat with the rest of your game?. We can be sure to subtract such services and pupae cut short long and hard, but if we are attackers do this would give advantage to the rival, who quickly will suit attacking the remains and end smoothly, with what we have lost the initiative with the rest. Rest assured that cut long can become a strength if we use it occasionally and not as a rule, so we can surprise our opponent when we use it.
A blow with losing a few points. This is probably a strength, provided it is part of their regular game. If you are a player who likes to take the initiative to fail some entries in the beginning is normal, especially at the stage of beginner and advanced but ultimately this initiative is likely to give you victory, if not at that meeting, search initiative has rewards in the future. It is also likely to lose quite a few games to take the initiative, which in the end points when gripping the body at the moment of truth is often wrong. True, you have to lose games out there, but you have to know that is a future investment worthwhile. Next time I'll be more prepared and I will not lose.
What other people think are your strengths. May be a good idea to have someone else who can give a critical opinion about what you think are your strong points of your game. The quality of the advice they receive will depend on the quality of advisory and how well you know. If you have a coach, one better than he knows its strong. If you have players that coaches can talk to them about it.
What the camera says are its strengths. If you can, record yourself on video every time you compete and analyzes the games. You can do studies of how you win the points and how you lose. This knowledge enables you to know what your true strengths and weaknesses.
What is a weakness?
In general, I would say a weakness in table tennis should be the opposite of a strong point. This leads us to the following conclusions:
A weakness is:
• Something that makes you lose points - if it is a technical coup, may be the short game can be a combination of tactics or even an ability, or attitude.
• Something you do worse than the rest of your game - such as the inability to enter forehand or backhand, have a poor short game or subtract wrong.
• Something that makes you worse than your opponent - such as having worse footwork flip him or worse.
How to identify your weaknesses?
Continuing in the same vein, we should be able to identify our weaknesses, some or all of the following methods, if used properly.
• Find out how technical blows lose points.
• Find out how your movements points your opponent has done.
• Something you do not like to work in practice, so it becomes a weakness.
• A blow that cost and it seems hard to do.
• A blow to the loser more points you earn.
• What other people think are your weaknesses.
• What the video camera says they are his weaknesses. Conclusion
This information is now in hand to know and identify the strengths and weaknesses of their game in table tennis. Once you know well, must learn to work your weaknesses and you enjoy it, so with work and time will be sure to weaknesses and who knows, maybe that someday one of them becomes a strength.
When you have to face off against an opponent who has been studying whether it can make your opponent, so you can know their strengths and vulnerabilities. Armed with this knowledge, you are ready to proceed with the development of genuine and effective tactics for that match
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